Routine screening for women is limited because, unlike mammograms for breast cancer, there are no sufficiently accurate screening tests currently available. The pelvic examination can only occasionally detect ovarian cancer, generally when the disease is already in advanced stages.
Researchers at the University of South Florida and the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute on a specific protein in the urine, which may lead to a more sensitive screening test in the future for women with ovarian cancer.
In this pilot study, urinary samples from 18 normal, healthy volunteers, 38 women with benign gynaecologic disease and 35 patients in various stages of ovarian cancer were tested for levels of the Bcl-2 protein.
The levels of Bcl-2 found in patients with ovarian cancer were ten times higher than that of the healthy volunteers or women with benign disease. Elevated Bcl-2 levels were associated with 92 per cent of ovarian cancers, while blood levels from the CA125 only identified 68 per cent of ovarian cancer patients.
Patricia Kruk, the study's principal investigator, presented the preliminary findings April 3 at the >American Association for Cancer Research meeting in Washington DC.
"I am cautiously optimistic," said Kruk, associate professor of pathology, cell biology and interdisciplinary oncology at USF Health.
"We have a long way to go but this is definitely a start."
The researchers are in the process of requesting funding to conduct clinical trials, thus expanding the sample size and working toward providing a safe, non-invasive, economical detection method for ovarian cancer.
According to the National Cancer Institute, ovarian cancer causes more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system. An estimated 20,180 new cases of ovarian cancer are expected in the United States this year.